Mathematics, Spreadsheets and Higher Order Thinking

National Council of Teachers of Mathematics says in its Technology Principle that, “Students can learn more mathematics more deeply with the appropriate and responsible use of technology.” I think this mention of responsible use is key in understanding the position of this national council. I have been in many middle grades math classrooms over the past few years and have see both the responsible and irresponsible use of technology in math classes. Personally, I do not think the constant use of a calculator or computer program that acts as a calculator is appropriate for middle grades students. I have witnessed students who have lost their ability to perform basic math, i.e. addition, subtraction and multiplication of simple whole numbers, by eighth grade after spending three years constantly using a calculator. I think it is a travesty that a student would sooner plug “24 – 15” into her calculator than do the math in her head. I see this everyday. Some teachers have done an excellent job of maintaining mental math skills others seems to have abandoned it entirely.

Also, the NCTM says “technology is essential in teaching and learning mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and enhances students' learning.” I agree but have to voice that many generations of students were learning advanced math long before technology looked like it does today. Mathematics has its foundations in pencil and paper thinking. I think the technology available today makes it easier for a wider range of students to effectively learn math, and to do so in ways that address their specific learning styles. However, the essential necessity of technology in the teaching of math is arguable to me.

“The most important single message emerging from the information age and the economy of its Web is that higher order thought is not just central to its future, but is its present and your future.” (Houghton). Higher order thinking skills are not some trend that teachers won’t be talking about in another decade. These thinking abilities are at the root of knowledge development. The intentional inclusion of lessons focused on higher order thinking skills is what will ensure a present and future full of global citizens with the ability to engage in fully and question the choices with which life presents.

“GIS thinking is just one component of the larger movement in the sciences to do more with scientific visualization.” (Houghton) GIS is a great tool for teachers to use to incorporate this element of science education. Visualization is a skill that middle grades students especially are supposed to be developing and using with regularity. It can be difficult to find appropriate ways to integrate this skill. GIS gives the classroom teacher the opportunity to incorporate visualization easily and in a manner that can be highly engaging for the students.

“Educators especially must not confuse or equate the computer's power to calculate with the human power of thought” (Houghton). Here, here! Humans are the most highly evolved creatures on this planet and what sets us apart from our other carbon-based earth dwellers is our capacity for thought. I do not think there is a serious danger that teachers would overlook this crucial fact, however, just like with over-use of calculators in math, I could see the potential for making technology the crutch to one’s learning and ability to further develop intelligence.